NFPA 72 sets detailed requirements for the selection, installation, performance, and maintenance of smoke and heat detectors to ensure reliable fire detection. It specifies detector placement based on occupancy type, ceiling height, and environmental conditions to maximize early fire detection and minimize false alarms.
For smoke detectors, NFPA 72 requires them in areas like corridors, sleeping rooms, and common areas, emphasizing sensitivity settings appropriate to the environment. The standard also distinguishes between ionization and photoelectric smoke detectors, guiding their use based on fire characteristics.
For heat detectors, NFPA 72 outlines their use in locations unsuitable for smoke detectors, such as kitchens or dusty areas. It defines temperature ratings and response times (fixed temperature or rate-of-rise) to match specific risks.
Additionally, NFPA 72 mandates regular testing and maintenance to ensure detectors function correctly over time, contributing to effective life safety and fire protection.